75 years on, Japan bomb survivors make final pleas for abolition
PUBLISHED : 4 AUG 2020
TOKYO: As Japan marks 75 years since the devastating attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the last generation of nuclear bomb survivors are working to ensure their message lives on after them.
The "hibakusha" -- literally "person affected by the bomb" -- have for decades been a powerful voice calling for the abolition of nuclear weapons.
There are an estimated 136,700 left, many of whom were infants or unborn children at the time of the attacks.
The average age of a survivor now is a little over 83, according to Japan's health ministry, lending an urgency as they share their testimonies and call for a ban on nuclear weapons.
"What we hibakusha are saying is we can't repeat (a nuclear attack)," 88-year-old Terumi Tanaka, who survived the Nagasaki bombing, told AFP ahead of the anniversaries.
"To this end, we have to let people know what we experienced, for them to hear the facts."
Tanaka was 13 when the bomb hit his hometown. The attack on Nagasaki killed 74,000 people and came three days after a first bomb devastated the city of Hiroshima, killing 140,000.
He has spent much of his life sharing his experience, hoping that explaining the horrors of nuclear weapons will convince people to support a ban.
But he recognises that the community of those who lived through the attacks is shrinking, and their message will have to be passed on by others in the decades to come.
"We will all pass away, eventually," he said.
"We set up a group called No More Hibakusha Project, which works on preserving records as archives, including what we've written... so that (the next generation) can use them in their campaigns."
- Nuclear ban -
Tanaka worries at times that interest is fading, acknowledging that speeches by hibakusha often attract no more than a handful of people.
"We do our best," he said. "But if no one comes, it's a swing and a miss."
At 74, Jiro Hamasumi is among the youngest survivors of the attacks. His mother was pregnant with him in Hiroshima when the bomb struck.
It killed his father, most likely instantaneously, and claimed several other relatives in the aftermath.
"Not a day goes by when I don't think about my father," he told AFP.
His knowledge of the attack comes from the accounts of his siblings, who described the dizzying flash and ear-splitting roar that formed the first indication the bomb known as Little Boy had detonated.
His father was at work when the bomb hit, just a few hundred metres from the epicentre. Hamasumi's mother and siblings tried to reach his office the day after but were forced back by the "heat and smell of burned flesh".
When they finally reached his father's office, they found only "something resembling his body". All they could retrieve were a few metal items that survived the flames -- a belt buckle, a key and part of his wallet.
Born in February 1946, Hamasumi escaped the physical effects experienced by many children exposed to radiation in the womb.
But the attack has defined his life, and he has spent decades campaigning against nuclear weapons.
"To me, the nuclear umbrella only means the mushroom cloud," Hamasumi said.
"Hibakusha want the United States to apologise to us, but the proof of the apology is nuclear abolition, we're not after vengeance."
- Fading from memory -
As the hibakusha age, they are passing the baton to young activists, many from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, who have grown up steeped in the memories of survivors.
Mitsuhiro Hayashida, 28, is the grandchild of a Nagasaki hibakusha and organises events for survivors to share their stories.
He also helps oversee an international online petition for a ban on nuclear weapons, which has garnered more than 11 million signatures.
But he too worries that the attacks are fading from collective memory.
"Today, the children and grandchildren of survivors, like me, are campaigning, but the weight of our words is probably less than half of the testimonies of survivors," he told AFP.
"We really need the world to move towards nuclear abolition while atomic bomb survivors are alive."
That desire is what animates Keiko Ogura, who turns 83 this week and was just eight when the bomb struck Hiroshima.
"We are ageing and don't know when our time will come," she told journalists last month.
"We old hibakusha want to see nuclear abolition as soon as possible, because we want to report it to those who died when we see them (in the afterlife)."https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1962543/75-years-on-japan-bomb-survivors-make-final-pleas-for-abolition
29.07.2020
Die USA werden laut Verteidigungsminister Mark Esper 11.900 Soldaten aus Deutschland abziehen. Rund 6400 Soldaten sollen in die USA zurückgeholt werden, weitere 5400 sollen in andere europäische Länder verlegt werden. Dies erklärte Esper am Mittwoch in Washington.
Bislang hatte die US-Regierung von einem Abzug von rund 10.000 der etwa 36.000 Soldaten in Deutschland gesprochen.
Esper hatte bereits am Freitag seine deutsche Kollegin Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer über den Planungsstand informiert.
Die beiden verständigten sich, im Zuge der Entwicklung von Plänen in den nächsten Wochen im engen Kontakt zu bleiben.
US-Präsident Donald Trump hatte im Juni ankündigt, die Zahl der US-Truppen in Deutschland um etwa 9500 auf 25.000 zu senken. Er warf der Regierung in Berlin erneut vor, ihren Nato-Verpflichtungen nicht nachzukommen. Aus Trumps Sicht sind Deutschlands Verteidigungsausgaben zu gering.
Laut seinen damaligen Aussagen sollten einige der Soldaten aus Deutschland in die USA zurückkehren. Andere Soldaten würden an andere Standorte in Europa verlegt, und „Polen wird einer dieser anderen Orte sein“. Polen habe sich bereit erklärt, für die US-Truppen im Land zu bezahlen, so Trump.
Esper bestätigte am Mittwoch, es gebe Pläne, Soldaten nach Polen und in die Balkanstaaten zu versetzen. Einige Änderungen will man ihm zufolge innerhalb weniger Wochen vollziehen, „andere werden mehr Zeit benötigen“, sagte der Verteidigungsminister.
Der Truppenabzug stellt einen Affront gegenüber einem der engsten Verbündeten und Handelspartner der USA dar und ist sowohl im Militär als auch in Trumps eigenem republikanischen Lager umstritten.
Militärbasis in Spangdahlem betroffen – Lewentz
Der US-Luftwaffenstützpunkt in Spangdahlem ist von dem geplanten Teilabzug der US-Armee betroffen. Dort gehe es um rund 5000 Personen, darunter nicht nur Soldaten, sagte der rheinland-pfälzische Innenminister Roger Lewentz (SPD) am Mittwoch in Mainz. Das sei ein schwerer Schlag für die Eifelregion, betonte der Minister - sowohl in wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht, als auch mit Blick auf die in Jahrzehnten aufgebauten freundschaftlichen Beziehungen zwischen Rheinland-Pfälzern und Amerikanern.
„Leider müssen wir uns auch auf den Verlust von deutschen Arbeitsplätzen durch diese Entscheidung der US-Administration einrichten“, sagte Lewentz.
Die Kommandozentrale für die US-Truppen in Europa soll von der baden-württembergischen Hauptstadt nach Mons in Belgien verlegt werden. Möglicherweise wird auch die Afrika-Kommandozentrale aus Stuttgart verlegt. Dafür gibt es aber noch keinen neuen Standort.
Im Kongress regt sich Widerstand
Die US-Truppen galten in der Zeit des Kalten Krieges als Sicherheitsgarant für die Bundesrepublik. Damals gab es zeitweise fast 250.000 US-Soldaten in Deutschland. Nach dem Fall der Mauer wurde allerdings radikal reduziert: Im Jahr 2000 waren es nur noch 70.000 US-Soldaten, zehn Jahre später 48.000 und heute sind nur noch 36.000 übrig. Damit ist Deutschland aber immer noch der zweitwichtigste Truppenstandort der USA weltweit nach Japan
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